Index:

R

• Rabas and Taborek correlation, for heat transfer in banks of low fin tubes, 2.5.3-27
• Rackett equation (modified) for liquid density
• for pure liquids, 5.1.2-9/5.1.2-22
• for liquid mixtures, 5.2.1-4/5.2.1-5
• Radiation:
• diffusion method, for calculation of nonisothermal gas radiation, 2.9.7-5/2.9.7-6
• effect in film boiling, 2.7.2-15
• in heat transfer from fluidized beds, 2.8.4-4/2.8.4-5
• interaction with conduction and/or convection, 2.9.8-1/2.9.8-28
• models for, in furnaces, 3.11.7-4/3.11.7-5
• networks, 2.9.3-8/2.9.3-10
• with a gas, 2.9.6-4
• numerical calculation of flows involving, 1.4.3-3
• (See also Radiative heat transfer)
• Radiation shields, in radiation heat transfer, 2.9.3-12/2.9.3-13
• Radiation source analysis, 2.9.8-7/2.9.8-8
• Radiative heat transfer:
• in furnaces, 3.11.3-1/3.11.7-6
• gas radiation properties, 2.9.5-1/2.9.5-13
• equation of transfer for, 2.9.5-1/2.9.5-2
• gas mixtures, 2.9.5-11/2.9.5-12
• measurement of, 2.9.5-2/2.9.5-4
• molecular, 2.9.5-8/2.9.5-11
• physics of, 2.9.5-4
• spectral, band and total property definitions, 2.9.5-4/2.9.5-8
• interaction with conduction and/or convection, 2.9.8-1/2.9.8-28
• introduction to, 2.9.1-1/2.9.1-5
• blackbody radiation, 2.9.1-3/2.9.1-5
• radiant intensity and flux, 2.9.1-2/2.9.1-3
• thermodynamic surfaces and surface systems, 2.9.1-1/2.9.1-2
• nonisothermal gas radiation, 2.9.7-1/2.9.7-13
• differential formulations for, 2.9.7-5/2.9.7-8
• equation of transfer for, 2.9.7-1/2.9.7-2
• geometric considerations, 2.9.7-2/2.9.7-3
• molecular gas radiation in, 2.9.7-10/2.9.7-13
• slab geometry, 2.9.7-3/2.9.7-5
• spectral considerations and scaling approximations in, 2.9.7-8/2.9.7-10
• radiation transfer between perfectly diffuse surfaces, 2.9.3-1/2.9.3-17
• diffuse-walled passages, 2.9.3-13/2.9.3-16
• radiation network, 2.9.3-8/2.9.3-10
• radiosity-irradiation formulations, 2.9.3-4/2.9.4-8
• refractory surfaces, 2.9.3-8
• selected working relations for, 2.9.3-10/2.9.3-13
• shape factors for, 2.9.3-1/2.9.3-4
• radiation transfer between specular and imperfectly diffuse
• surfaces, 2.9.4-1/2.9.4-11
• mirror-image concept, 2.9.4-1/2.9.4-2
• Monte Carlo algorithms, 2.9.4-2/2.9.4-5
• rough-walled passages, 2.9.4-9/2.9.4-10
• specular and imperfectly diffuse surfaces, 2.9.4-1
• specular walled passages, 2.9.4-5/2.9.4-7
• surface models, 2.9.4-7/2.9.4-9
• surface radiation characteristics, 2.9.2-1/2.9.2-20
• absorption and emission characteristics, 2.9.2-1/2.9.2-3
• approximations, 2.9.2-10/2.9.2-12
• electromagnetic theory and the Fresnel relations, 2.9.2-7/2.9.2-10
• polarization, 2.9.2-12/2.9.2-15
• radiation characteristics in thermal design, 2.9.2-15/2.9.2-20
• reflection and transmission characteristics, 2.9.2-3/2.9.2-7
• between surfaces and isothermal gas, 2.9.6-1/2.9.6-9
• calculation of, 2.9.6-4/2.9.6-8
• heat transfer at black wall, 2.9.6-1
• mean beam length concept for, 2.9.6-2/2.9.6-3
• Monte Carlo solutions for, 2.9.6-8/2.9.6-9
• radiation network in, 2.9.6-4
• radiosity-irradiation formulation for gas-filled enclosure wall, 2.9.6-3/2.9.6-4
• wall layer transmission in, 2.9.6-3
• Radiators, automotive, construction, 4.4.3-5/4.4.3-7
• Radiometers, application in gas radiation property measurement, 2.9.5-3
• Radiosity, Stephan's law for, 2.9.1-3
• Radiosity-irradiation formulations in radiative heat transfer, 2.9.3-4/2.9.3-8
• for gas-filled enclosure wall, 2.9.6-3/2.9.6-4
• Ramen heat exchanger (see Lamella heat exchanger)
• Rao, B. K., 2.2.8-13, 2.2.8-15, 2.5.12-16/2.5.12-17
• Raoult's law for partial pressure, 2.7.6-1
• Rating of heat exchangers, 3.1.2-2/3.1.2-3
• computer program structure for, 3.1.2-3/3.1.2-4
• Rayleigh instability, in free convection, 2.5.8-2
• Rayleigh number, 1.2.3-4, 2.2.1-16, 2.2.2-6
• critical, for instability in free convection: in enclosures heated
• from below, 2.5.8-3/2.5.8-6
• in horizontal layers, 2.5.8-2/2.5.8-3
• in free convection over immersed bodies, 2.5.7-3
• Reay, D., 3.13.7-1/3.13.7-3
• Reboilers:
• approximate overall coefficients in, 2.1.2-3
• shell-and-tube, 3.6.1-1/3.6.5-7
• calculation procedures for, 3.6.5-1/3.6.5-7
• pressure drop in, 3.6.3-1
• special design considerations for, 3.6.4-1/3.6.4-4
• thermal design of, 3.6.2-1/3.6.2-13
• as type of heat exchanger, 1.1.5-2
• (See also Boilers, Kettle reboilers, Horizontal thermosyphon reboilers, Internal reboilers, Vertical thermosyphon reboilers)
• Reciprocal mode integrating sphere, for reflection and transmission measurements in radiation, 2.9.2-7
• Rectangles:
• closed form solutions for mean beam lengths between, 2.9.6-4
• radiative heat transfer shape factors for opposite and adjacent, 2.9.3-3
• table of mean beam lengths, 2.9.6-5
• Rectangular ducts:
• combined free and forced convective heat transfer in, 2.5.10-11, 3.9.5-1/3.9.3-3
• critical heat flux in flow boiling in, 2.7.3-20
• laminar flow in, 2.2.2-8/2.2.2-9
• radiative heat transfer along, 2.9.3-16/2.9.3-17
• turbulent flow in, 2.2.2-9/2.2.2-10
• Rectangular enclosures, free convective heat transfer in:
• when heated from below, 2.5.8-3/2.5.8-6
• when heated and cooled on vertical sides, 2.5.8-6/2.5.8-13
• Rectangular fins, for plate fin exchangers, 2.4.9-4, 3.9.3-1
• Reduced pressure, correlations for pool boiling using, 2.7.2-5/2.7.2-10
• Re-entrance cavities, for enhancement of boiling, 2.7.9-1/2.7.9-2
• Reference temperature:
• in calculation of friction factor in circular duct, 2.2.2-8
• for laminar flow over flat plates, 2.2.1-26/2.2.2-27
• for turbulent flow over flat plates, 2.2.1-34
• Refinery processes, fouling in, 3.17.6-1/3.17.6-5
• Reflectance (see Reflectivity)
• Reflection, of thermal radiation, from solid surfaces:
• characteristics, 2.9.2-3/2.9.2-6
• measurement, 2.9.2-6/2.9.2-7
• Reflectivity, of solid surfaces, 2.9.2-3
• measurement of, 2.9.2-6/2.9.2-7
• Reflectometer, heated cavity, 2.9.2-7
• Reflux condensers, 3.4.3-2
• design methods for multicomponent conduction in, 2.6.3-21/2.6.3-22
• flooding phenomena in, 2.6.2-9, 3.4.3-2/3.4.3-3
• operational problems in, 3.4.5-2
• Refractories, density of, 5.4.1-1/5.4.1-2
• Refractory services, 2.9.3-8
• in furnaces, 3.11.3-6
• heat transfer by radiation between source, sink, and, 2.9.3-11/2.9.3-12
• Refrigerants, as heat transfer media, table of, 5.5.15-12/5.5.15-13
• Refrigerant 10 (see Carbon tetrachloride)
• Refrigerant 11 (Trichlorofluoromethane):
• liquid properties, 5.5.10-117
• saturation properties, 5.5.1-117
• superheated gaseous: physical properties, 5.5.11-116
• thermodynamic properties, 5.5.2-19
• transport properties at elevated pressure, 5.5.14-29
• Refrigerant 12 (Dichlorodifluoromethane):
• critical heat flux table for flow of in vertical tube, 2.7.3-29
• liquid properties, 5.5.10-116
• saturation properties, 5.5.1-117
• superheated gaseous: physical properties, 5.5.11-116
• thermodynamic properties, 5.5.2-18
• transport properties at elevated pressure, 5.5.14-30
• Refrigerant 13 (Chlorotrifluoromethane):
• critical heat flux table for flow of in vertical tube, 2.7.3-29
• liquid properties, 5.5.10-115
• saturation properties, 5.5.1-116
• superheated gaseous: physical properties, 5.5.11-115
• thermodynamic properties, 5.5.2-16
• transport properties at elevated pressure, 5.5.14-30
• Refrigerant 13B (see Bromotrifluoromethane)
• Refrigerant 14 (see Tetrafluoromethane)
• Refrigerant 20 (see Trichloromethane)
• Refrigerant 21 (Dichlorofluoromethane):
• critical heat flux table for flow of in vertical tube, 2.7.3-29
• liquid properties, 5.5.10-116
• saturation properties, 5.5.1-116
• superheated gaseous: physical properties, 5.5.11-115
• thermodynamic properties, 5.5.2-17
• transport properties at elevated pressure, 5.5.14-30
• Refrigerant 22 (Chlorodifluoromethane):
• liquid properties, 5.5.10-115
• saturation properties, 5.5.1-115
• superheated gaseous: physical properties, 5.5.11-114
• thermodynamic properties, 5.5.2-15
• transport properties at elevated pressure, 5.5.14-34
• use in Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) systems 3.22.3-13
• Refrigerant 23 (see Trifluoromethane)
• Refrigerant 30 (see Dichloromethane)
• Refrigerant 32 (see Difluoromethane)
• Refrigerant 40 (see Chloromethane)
• Refrigerant 41 (see Fluoromethane)
• Refrigerant 110 (see Hexafluoroethane)
• Refrigerant 112 (see Tetrachlorodifluoroethane)
• Refrigerant 113 (see 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane)
• Refrigerant 114 (see 1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane)
• Refrigerant 114B2 (see 1,2-Dibromotetrafluoroethane)
• Refrigerant 115 (see Chloropentafluoroethane)
• Refrigerant C318 (see Octafluorocyclobutane)
• Refrigerant 116:
• liquid properties, 5.5.10-119
• saturation properties, 5.5.1-120
• superheated vapor properties, 5.5.11-119
• Refrigerant 120 (see Pentachloroethane)
• Refrigerant 123 (see 1,2,3 – Dichlorotrifluoroethane)
• Refrigerant 130 (see 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane)
• Refrigerant 134a (see 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane)
• Refrigerant 140a (see 1,1,1-Trichloroethane)
• Refrigerant 142 (see 2-Chloro-1,1-Difluoroethane)
• Refrigerant 142b (see 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane)
• Refrigerant 143a (see 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane)
• Refrigerant 150 (see 1,2-Dichloroethane)
• Refrigerant 150a (see 1,1-Dichloroethane)
• Refrigerant 152a (see 1,1-Difluoroethane)
• Refrigerant 160 (see Chloroethane)
• Refrigerant 161 (see Fluoroethane)
• Refrigerant C318 (see Octafluorocylobutane)
• Refrigerant plant, entropy generation in, 1.8.4-3/1.8.4-5
• Regenerators and thermal energy storage, 3.15.0-1/3.15.12-13
• blast furnace stoves, heat transfer in, 3.15.11-6/3.15.11-7
• calculation of thermal performance, 3.15.7-1/3.15.7-23
• based on zero cycle time, 3.15.7-3/3.15.7-4
• integral equation approach, 3.15.7-9/3.15.7-12
• precise methods, 3.15.7-9
• pseudo-recuperator model, 3.15.7-4/3.15.7-9
• Wilmott method, 3.15.7-12/3.15.7-23
• classification of thermal energy storage devices, 3.15.0-2/3.15.0-3
• cyclic equilibrium in, 3.15.10-1/3.15.10-7
• effect of longitudinal conduction on performance of, 3.15.8-1
• explicit design methods for, 3.15.11-1/3.15.11-9
• fixed-bed regenerators, 3.15.0-2/3.15.0-3, 3.15.1-1/3.15.1-3
• Cowper stove, 3.15.1-2
• general design procedures for, 3.15.11-4
• heat transfer relationships for, 3.15.11-5
• packings for, 3.15.2-1/3.15.2-3
• pressure drop in, 3.15.11-5
• general design procedures for, 3.15.11-3/3.15.11-4
• heat losses in, 3.15.9-1/3.15.9-2
• heat storage exchangers, 3.15.0-3
• heat storage units, 3.15.0-3
• heat transfer in, 3.15.3-1/3.15.3-2
• coefficients for, 3.15.4-1
• counterflow mode, 3.15.3-1/3.15.3-2
• dimensionless parameters for, 3.15.6-1/3.15.6-3
• Hausen method for calculation of regenerators using bulk or overall heat transfer coefficient, 3.15.5-1/3.15.5-2
• hollow cylinder configuration, finite conductivities model for, 3.15.12-6
• packings for, 3.15.2-1/3.15.2-3
• checkerwork pattern, 3.15.2-1/3.15.2-2
• Freyn checkers, 3.15.2-1/3.15.2-2
• high-temperature packings, 3.15.2-1/3.15.2-3
• lower-temperature packings, 3.15.2-3
• moderate-temperature packings, 3.15.2-2
• performance curves for, 3.15.11-1/3.15.11-3
• pressure drop in, 3.15.0-4, 3.15.11-5
• regenerators:
• balanced, 3.15.6-2
• choice of type, 3.15.1-1/3.15.1-3
• description, 1.1.1-3/1.1.1-4, 3.15.0-2/3.15.0-3, 3.15.1-1/3.15.1-3
• explicit design of, 3.15.11-1/3.15.11-9
• periodic operation, 1.1.6-1
• symmetric, 3.15.6-2
• unsymmetric, design of, 3.15.11-8
• rotary (Ljungstrom) regenerators, 3.15.0-2/3.15.0-3, 3.15.1-1/3.15.1-3
• general design methods for, 3.15.11-4
• heat transfer in, 3.15.11-7
• packings for, 3.15.2-1/3.15.2-3
• single-blow operation in, 3.15.12-1/3.15.12-13
• finite conductivity model for, 3.15.12-6/3.15.12-9
• infinite fluid heat capacity model for, 3.15.12-2
• simplified model for, 3.15.12-2/3.15.12-6
• superposition models for (with arbitrary timewise variation in fluid temperature and mass flux or with arbitrary initial temperature distribution), 3.15.12-9/3.15.12-11
• slab configuration, finite conductivity model for, 3.15.12-6
• thermal storage materials, 3.15.0-3/3.15.0-4
• metals, 3.15.0-4
• nonmetals, 3.15.0-3/3.15.0-4
• thermophysical properties, evaluation for, 3.15.11-4/3.15.11-5
• transient behavior of, 3.15.10-1/3.15.10-7
• Regimes of heat transfer, in ducts, single phase flow, 2.5.1-1
• Reidel method, for predicting enthalpy of vaporisation, 5.1.3-5
• Reinforcing rings, for expansion bellows, 4.10.2-2
• Relaminarization, of turbulent flow, 2.2.1-29
• Relief system design for shell-and-tube heat exchangers with tube side failure, 4.17.2-3/4.17.2-14
• Removal of fouling deposits:
• removal resistance, 3.17.3-1/3.17.3-5
• (See also Cleaning)
• Renotherm, heat transfer medium, 5.5.15-48
• Repair, of expansion bellows, 4.10.2-7
• of heat exchanger tubes by explosive welding, 4.11.4-5
• Residence times, in dryers:
• with nonprescribed material flow, 3.13.6-1
• with prescribed material flow, 3.13.5-1/3.13.5-2
• Resistance network analysis, 2.9.8-5
• Resistance (thermal) due to fouling:
• definition of, 3.17.1-1/3.17.1-3
• effect of various parameters on, 3.17.3-3/3.17.3-5
• measurement of, 3.17.4-1/3.17.4-3
• Reversible (minimum) work, in
• exergy analysis, 1.9.4-1/1.9.4-3
• in chemical reaction, 1.9.4-3
• in compression, 1.9.4-2/1.9.4-3
• in liquefaction, 1.9.4-2
• of separation, 1.9.4-1/1.9.4-2
• Reynolds number, 2.1.1-3
• as limiting criteria for applicability of molecular flux relationship, 2.1.1-3
• bubble, 2.3.2-19
• definition, 1.2.3-2/1.2.3-3
• in finned tube bundles, 2.5.3-11
• in condensation on vertical surface, 2.6.2-3
• in cross flow over tube banks, 2.2.4-1/2.2.4-12, 2.5.3-1 2.5.3-2, 2.5.3-20, 3.3.7-1/3.3.7-4
• particle, fixed beds, 2.2.5-3
• shell-side, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, 3.3.5-16
• in two-phase gas-liquid flow, 2.3.2-10
• Reynolds stress models, for turbulence, 2.2.1-18
• Rheologically complex materials, properties of:
• disperse compositions, 5.3.1-1/5.3.1-3
• nuclear fuel suspensions, 5.3.1-2/5.3.1-3
• petroleum, 5.3.1-3
• two-component compositions, 5.3.1-1/5.3.1-2
• effect of external electric and magnetic fields on, 5.3.8-1/5.3.8-2
• lubricants: classification of, 5.3.2-1
• lubricant-cooling liquids, 5.3.5-1/5.3.5-2
• oils, 5.3.3-1/5.3.3-2
• polymers, 5.3.6-1/5.3.7-2
• Rheology, shear flow experiments used in, 2.2.8-3/2.2.8-4
• Ribbed tubesheet type of waste heat boiler, 3.16.2-5
• Richardson number, 2.2.1-13
• Ring cells, in free convection, 2.5.8-2
• Ring stiffness, in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, 4.1.2-10/4.1.2-12
• Ring-type flanges, 4.14.3-1
• Rising film plate evaporator, 3.7.4-4/3.7.4-6
• Rising/falling film plate evaporator, 3.7.4-4/3.7.4-6
• RODbaffles, in tube bundles with longitudinal flow, 3.3.12-4/3.3.12-5
• application with low finned tubes, 3.3.12-12/3.3.12-13
• design considerations for, 3.3.12-13/3.3.12-14
• heat transfer in, 3.3.12-10/3.3.12-12
• pressure drop in, 3.3.12-7/3.3.12-10
• Rod bundles:
• critical heat flux in flow in, 2.7.3-25
• turbulent longitudinal flow in, 2.2.2-10
• Rohsenow correlation, for nucleate boiling, 2.7.2-4/2.7.2-5
• appliation in forced convection boiling in vertical tubes, 2.7.3-7
• Roll cells, in free convection, 2.5.8-2
• Roller expansion, of tubes into tube sheets, 4.2.6-6/4.2.6-7
• comparison with hydraulic expansion, 4.11.2-1/4.11.2-2
• Rose, J. W., 2.6.5-1/2.6.5-11
• Rossby number, 2.2.1-11
• Rotary dryer, 3.13.2-4
• practical design of, 3.13.7-2
• Rotary regenerators, 3.15.0-2/3.15.0-3, 3.15.1-1/3.15.1-3
• general design methods for, 3.15.11-4
• heat transfer in, 3.15.11-7
• packings for, 3.15.2-1/3.15.2-3
• Rotating drums, heat transfer to particle bed in, 2.8.3-1/2.8.3-7
• Rotation, as device for heat transfer augmentation, 2.5.11-4/2.5.11-8
• Roughness, surface:
• in augmentation of condensation, 2.6.6-6, 2.6.6-22, 2.6.6-25
• in augmentation of heat transfer, 2.5.11-2/2.5.11-4
• as enhancement device in boiling, 2.7.9-2
• completely rough surface, 2.2.2-2
• effect in flow in fixed beds, 2.2.5-4
• effect on flow in microchannels, 2.13.2-5/2.13.2-9
• effect on flow over cylinders, 2.2.3-6
• effect on fouling, 3.17.3-4/3.17.3-5
• effect on pool boiling: critical heat flux, 2.7.2-13
• nucleate boiling, 2.7.2-3/2.7.2-8
• effect on pressure drop in tube banks, 2.2.4-14/2.2.4-15
• effect on skin friction in turbulent flow over flat plate, 2.2.1-34
• effect in transition flow over flat plate, 2.2.1-28
• radiative heat transfer from, 2.9.4-7/2.9.4-10
• values for commercial surfaces, 2.2.2-4
• Rough walled passages, radiative heat transfer down, 2.9.4-9/2.9.4-10
• Rubber (sponge) balls, in fouling mitigation, 3.17.8-1/3.17.8-2
• Ruiz, C., 4.1.1-1/4.1.8-5, 4.1.9-1/4.1.9-8
• Ryznar index for water quality, 3.17.3-3