ARTICLE:

• SMOKE CONTROL DESIGN FOR DOUBLE-DECK BUS FIRES WITH A ZONE MODEL  download article

W. K. Chow
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

ABSTRACT

Smoke filling process and smoke control for local bus fires are discussed. Smoke filling process for a typical double-deck bus with a seating fire was simulated using the two-layer fire zone model CFAST. Preliminary studies on a small design fire with a shorter duration indicated that hot smoke would fill up about half the space volume of the two decks, with temperature up to 93 °C in the lower deck (fire compartment) and up to 38 °C in the upper deck. Smoke did not fill up the entire space volume before the fire burnt out. However, for a bigger fire up to 1 MW with a longer duration of 1900 s, flashover would occur at the lower deck with the door closed. Even for the case with the door open, smoke at temperature 101 °C would fill up the entire upper deck. Therefore, appropriate fire protection must be provided. Smoke control systems are essential to extend the time to flashover. Two smoke control designs with natural vents are evaluated.

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